This report was jointly prepared by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the European Environment Agency (EEA) to support the development of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) policies and implementation activities in the countries of South East Europe (SEE) and Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA). The report was prepared for the Sixth Ministerial Conference 'Environment for Europe' held in Belgrade in October 2007. The goal of the report is to identify opportunities for and barriers to more sustainable consumption and production in the SEE and EECCA countries, and to highlight relevant experience which could be replicated throughout the region. The main part of the report provides detailed information and a review of SCP initiatives in key production-consumption areas: industry, food, buildings, transport and waste. The analysis in each of these areas is illustrated by examples of implementation of SCP initiatives at local level, drawing on 18 city studies carried out for this report in 11 of the 18 SEE and EECCA countries covered. Many SEE and EECCA countries face similar problems and there is huge potential to share knowledge and experiences and work towards a common path to sustainability. Cities have acted as potential catalysts for change as shown by a large number of local sustainability initiatives.